Utility of lumbar puncture for febrile seizures among infants under one year old.

Febrile seizure is a frequent cause of hospitalization. Its management remains problematic According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, lumbar puncture, which is not devoid of risk, is strongly recommended in infants under 1 year. To define the utility of lumbar puncture in the management of febrile seizures in infants under 12 months and to identify risk factors of meningitis and to respond to this question: " lumbar puncure should be done in which infant with febrile seizure?" This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pediatrics B in the Children Hospital of Tunis on eight-year period [2000-2008]. In all statistical tests, significance level was set at 0.05. One hundred and six cases were collected during the period of study. Seizures related to bacterial meningitis were seen in 11 cases [10%]. We have separated two groups: GI infants presented bacterial meningitis, and G2 infants with febrile seizure. The comparison between the two groups G1 and G2 showed the following predictors factors of meningitis: age 5mm [p<0.001], recurrence of seizure in the same day[p=0,006], neurological abnormalities p<0.001], CRP>20 mg/1[p=0.03], hyponatremia

Pneumocoocal infection and haemolytic uremic syndrome

Hemolytic uremic syndrome, one of the common causes of acute renal failure in children, is characterized by the triad of microangiopathy, haemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. The diarrhoea-associated Hemolytic uremic syndrome is usually termed as a typical Hemolytic uremic syndrome. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an uncommon etiological pathogen for inducing Hemolytic uremic syndrome, and Streptococcus pneumoniae associated Hemolytic uremic syndrome is also termed as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. To report two pediatric cases of invasive S pneumoniae complicated with hemolytic uremic syndrome HUS. The first patient presented with pneumococcal pneumonia and empyema and the second patient presented with pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis. The two patients were under one year of age and required peritoneal dialysis with improvement of renal function in one; the other died. Pneumococcal invasive disease may be a cause of severe 1-IUS, so a high index of suspicion is mandatory to prompt appropriate diagnosis and management